Transmission Pathways and Immunological Factors Driving Invasion Potential of the Recently Discovered Pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans
The recently discovered fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) is believed to be from Asia and was likely introduced to the European continent through international trade, where it is emerging in fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) populations. Bsal is a flesh-eating pathogen that causes necrotic skin ulcerations and can lead to death in susceptible salamanders in less than 2 weeks. Emergence of this pathogen in the United States would have devastating effects on biodiversity. Eastern North America is home to more than 100 salamander species that contribute to various ecosystem services, including control of disease-causing insects, nutrient cycling, and biomedical products for society. This study will characterize the epidemiology, host immune responses, and pathogenesis of Bsal in one of the most widely distributed salamander species in North America, the eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens). By taking a proactive approach to studying Bsal now, this research will generate essential information aimed at developing predictive disease response tools that can be used by natural resource organizations to prevent or thwart an outbreak of Bsal in North America.